Bibliographic record
Abstract
Leonardo Botallo, an Italian surgeon, is credited with the discovery of the foramen ovale in 1564 (Sebastian 1999 ). During fetal development, patent foramen ovale (PFO) allows the necessary shunting of oxygenated blood from the right atrium to the left atrium. Thus, oxygenated blood flows in a systemic circulation to organs and tissues. This right-to-left shunting of blood is crucial for fetal development, but it is also vital that no shunt should occur after birth, because the right side of the heart is no longer filled with oxygenated blood. The foramen is formed by overlapping flaps of the septum primum and septum secundum. These septa finally fuse to form the atrial septum in the newborn. The foramen usually closes at the time of birth because of the acute decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance and increased pressures on the left side of the heart. It normally fuses completely within 2 years. A PFO is not a hole in the heart. Instead, it is a failure of fusion of the...
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".