Biologically-Active Secondary Metabolites of Foliar Endophytes of Conifers and the Understory Species Rhododendron Groenlandicum from the Acadian Forest
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cronartium ribicola, the causative agent of white pine blister rust is damaging to all five-needle pine species. Existing methods of treatment are largely ineffective, resulting in the need of more innovative approaches. Studies have shown that some conifer endophytes produce compounds that display potent antifungal activity, including towards haploid cultures of C. ribicola. Three conifer endophyte species were studied here. Compounds 1 – 4, (1’Z)-dechloromycorrhizin A (1), mycorrhizin A (2), chloromycorrhizin A (3) and the new natural product 3-chloro-4-[(1Z)-1’-chloroprop-1’-en-1’-yl]-9-hydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-9,4,5,8-tetrahydro-2H-1-benzopyran-5,2-dione (4) were isolated from L. papyraceum. Compounds 5 and 6 were produced by D. celastrina and were both identified as phomosolide A and a stable pyrone moiety of phomopsolide A respectively. The remaining compounds 2-(7-methoxy-2,5,6-trimethyl-4-oxo-4 H-benzo[d][1,3]dioxin-2-yl)propanoic acid (7), (E)-6-((3’-carboxybut-2’-en-2’-yl)oxy)-4-methoxy-2,3-dimethylbenzoic acid (8) and 2-(6-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methoxy-2,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-4H-benzo[d][1,3]dioxin-2-yl)propanoic acid (9) were isolated from S. foliicola and are novel metabolites. All compounds possessed antimicrobial activity in B. subtilis, E. coli, S. cerevisiae and M. violaceum assays.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".