Methane Accumulation and High Concentration of Gas Hydrate in Marine and Terrestrial Sandy Sediments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Gas-hydrate-bearing sand-core samples have been obtained from the Canadian Mallik wells, and the Nankai Trough wells of offshore Japan. The chloride-content anomalies in extracted pore waters, core-temperature depression, core observations, and visible gas hydrates, as well as continuous down-hole well-log data, confirm the presence of pore-space hydrateas an intergranular pore filling within sandy layers, clarifying the characteristics of subsurface natural gas hydrate in marine and permafrost zones. Gas-hydrate saturations (percent of pore volume) as high as 80% have been measured, which requires enough original pore space in the host sediment to allow the gas to accumulate. Carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of methane and hydrocarbon compositions in gas hydrate and gas-hydrate-bearing shallow sediments in the Nankai Trough show that methane is generated by microbial reduction of CO 2and suggest progressive decreases in microbial (biogenic) activity with depth and upward gas migration through the sediment column. In the Mackenzie delta, methane in gas hydrate is generated by thermogenic decomposition of kerogen. Based on the geochemical and geological data, gas migration is estimated to be an active flow to permeable sandy layers in the Nankai Trough, and a long migration of thermogenic gas, generated in deep mature sediments, through faults in the Mackenzie delta. Note that many similarities in appearance and occurrence between the terrestrial (Mallik) and the marine (Nankai Trough) areas exist, and this knowledge and information is crucial to the identification of other hydrate deposits and to assess their eventual energy resource potential.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".