In‐liquid <scp>TEM</scp> to visualize multimerization and self‐assembly of <scp>DNA</scp> functionalized gold nanoparticles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Base‐pairing stability in DNA‐gold nanoparticle (DNA‐AuNP) multimers along with their dynamics under different electron beam intensities was investigated with in‐liquid transmission electron microscopy (in‐liquid TEM) using custom developed silicon nitride based liquid cells. Multimer formation was triggered by hybridization of DNA oligonucleotides to another DNA strand (Hyb‐DNA) related to the concept of DNA origami. We analyzed the degree of multimer formation for a number of samples and a series of control samples to determine the specificity of the multimerization during the TEM imaging. DNA‐AuNPs with Hyb‐DNA showed an interactive motion and assembly into 1D structures once the electron beam intensity exceeds a threshold value. These findings indicate that DNA base pairing interactions are the driving force for in situ multimerization and DNA‐metallic NP conjugates provide excellent models to understand structure‐function correlation in biological systems with nanometer spatial resolution (Keskin et al., 2015, 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02075).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".