Time lags between sea surface and air temperatures at the time of the Younger Dryas in palynological records from the Northwest Atlantic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Younger Dryas (YD) in Bay of Islands, Newfoundland is characterized by major changes in both pollen and dinocyst assemblages, which translate into large drops in air and sea surface temperatures and sea surface salinity. Changes in vegetation are similar with those observed in Newfoundland lakes. Reconstructed air temperature shows a 7ºC drop at the time of the YD, an amplitude comparable to changes recorded in northeastern North America. Changes observed in dinoflagellate cyst assemblages are also like those at nearby sites from the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Laurentian Channel. Sea surface dropped by 7ºC, salinity by 4 psu and sea ice cover duration increased by 7 months. The YD period in eastern North America was traditionally defined by changes in sediments and pollen records. Our records show that the cooling in sea surface and air temperatures started 250 and 110 years before the start of the YD as defined by radiocarbon dates and pollen zones. By having exceptionally high resolution records for both terrestrial and marine conditions in the same core, we can show that there is a 140 years delay between ocean and atmosphere. We speculate that the major lithological and vegetation changes observed in lakes around the time of the YD period in eastern North America might actually represent the full impacts of the cooling, since the cooling trend actually started before the start of the YD period.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".