MétaCan
Menu
Back to cohort
Record W4233886952 · doi:10.1016/s1359-6128(02)01120-5

FW WINS MERCK SHARP & DOHME EPCM PROJECT

2002· article· en· W4233886952 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenuePump Industry Analyst · 2002
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicIcing and De-icing Technologies
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPelletsPelletParticle (ecology)Materials scienceAggregate (composite)Particle sizeDrop (telecommunication)Composite materialMineralogyGeologyEngineeringMechanical engineering

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

A high resolution digital camera was used to photograph ice pellets for 4 h during a winter storm at Mirabel, Quebec, Canada in November 2003. A total of 1023 images of individual particles were analyzed to determine the sizes and characteristics of the ice pellets. Several different classes of individual ice pellets were evident. These include bulged particles, particles with spicules, fractured particles, spherical particles, nearly spherical particles and irregular particles. Approximately 9% of the ice pellets observed were aggregates or fused particles made up of 2–5 smaller particles. The ice pellets ranged up to 5 mm in diameter for aggregate and fused particles and up to 6 mm in diameter for individual particles. The average size of all particles was 1.05 mm with a most common size of 0.6 mm. The occurrence of bulges, fractures, and spicules suggest that much or all of the initial freezing occurred on the surface as opposed to the drop interior. Several different classes of ice pellets were observed simultaneously implying that many particle formation mechanisms can be active concurrently during an ice pellet event.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.120
Threshold uncertainty score0.944

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0010.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.060
GPT teacher head0.254
Teacher spread0.194 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it