FW WINS MERCK SHARP & DOHME EPCM PROJECT
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A high resolution digital camera was used to photograph ice pellets for 4 h during a winter storm at Mirabel, Quebec, Canada in November 2003. A total of 1023 images of individual particles were analyzed to determine the sizes and characteristics of the ice pellets. Several different classes of individual ice pellets were evident. These include bulged particles, particles with spicules, fractured particles, spherical particles, nearly spherical particles and irregular particles. Approximately 9% of the ice pellets observed were aggregates or fused particles made up of 2–5 smaller particles. The ice pellets ranged up to 5 mm in diameter for aggregate and fused particles and up to 6 mm in diameter for individual particles. The average size of all particles was 1.05 mm with a most common size of 0.6 mm. The occurrence of bulges, fractures, and spicules suggest that much or all of the initial freezing occurred on the surface as opposed to the drop interior. Several different classes of ice pellets were observed simultaneously implying that many particle formation mechanisms can be active concurrently during an ice pellet event.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.010 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.257 | 0.203 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".