The pathways from perceived discrimination to self-rated health among the Chinese diaspora during the COVID-19 pandemic: investigation of the roles of depression, anxiety, and social support
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background. Research indicates the adverse impacts of perceived discrimination on health, and discrimination inflamed by the COVID-19 pandemic, a type of social exclusion, could affect the well-being of the Chinese diaspora. The relationship and pathways of perceived discrimination’s effect on health among the Chinese diaspora in the context of the pandemic were examined to contribute to the literature on discrimination in this population under the global public health crisis.Methods. We analysed data from 705 individuals of Chinese descent residing in countries outside of China, who participated in a cross-sectional online survey carried out between April 22 and May 9, 2020. This study utilizes a structural equation model (SEM) to evaluate both direct and indirect effects of perceived discrimination on self-rated health (SRH) and assessed the mediating roles of psychological distress (namely, anxiety and depression) and social support from family and friends. Results. In this online sample comprised predominantly of young adults and those of relatively high socioeconomic status, this study confirmed the positive and direct effect of perceived discrimination on poor SRH but found the indirect effect was mainly mediated by depression. The association between anxiety and SRH was not significant in this SEM, while a higher level of social support from family leads to better SRH, and the level of social support from friends negatively predicted SRH. Conclusions. Our findings suggest discrimination negatively affected the well-being of the Chinese diaspora, and depression acted as a major mediator between the discrimination-health relationship. Therefore, interventions for reducing discrimination in order to preserve the well-being of the Chinese diaspora are necessary, and that prompt intervention to address depression may partially relieve the disease burden caused by the surge of discrimination.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".