The prevalence and ecology of the haematozoan parasites of European blackbirds, <i>Turdus merula</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The prevalence and ecology of the haematozoan parasites of a rural population of European blackbirds, Turdus merula, were investigated. Parasites belonging to eight species from four genera (Leucocytozoon, Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, and Trypanosoma) were identified. Prevalence was high: 83% of adults and 80% of juveniles were infected by at least one species of haematozoa, but no parasites were detected in 8-day-old nestlings. There were no sex differences in infection rates and only Plasmodium infection varied with age among adult blackbirds. Haemo proteus infections increased and Plasmodium infections decreased through the sampling period (January to July), but infections with other haematozoa showed no seasonal change. Haemoproteus and Plasmodium were negatively associated with each other, even during the period when infections by both genera were frequent in the study population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".