Effect of CD40 ligand on the course of murine histoplasmosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
CD40 ligand-CD40 ligation is important in the development of T-cell-mediated immune responses. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of CD40L in recovery from histoplasmosis using a murine model of intratracheally induced infection. B6C3F1 mice were infected intratracheally with Histoplasma capsulatum yeast and monitored for clearance of the organism from the lungs and spleen. CD40L treatment was begun on either day −2 or +2 post inoculation and continued until day 14 in CD4-depleted animals and from day −2 to day +4 in nonimmunosuppressed animals. Amphotericin B treatment was begun four days following inoculation and given every other day for 10 days. CD40L reduced fungal burden by less than one log when started two days before infection but did not act synergistically with low-dosage amphotericin B (0.2 mg kg−1 qod) in CD4 depleted mice. Low-dose amphotericin B, CD40L, and the combination of the two failed to lower the fungal burden in a second experiment using a more virulent isolate of the same strain of H. capsulatum in CD4-depleted mice. Furthermore, CD40L did not increase the concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-12 or IL-10 in the lungs or spleens of infected animals. In summary, CD40L had minimal or no effect on the course of infection in this murine model of histoplasmosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".