Bibliographic record
Abstract
When taking stock of the phonological patterns found in the languages of the world, some patterns can be allocated to roots, some to affixes, and even more to when roots combine with affixes. As Jakobson (1965: 29) observed, “… roots as lexical and affixes as inflectional morphemes …” show asymmetric patterning, such that affixes “… illustrate a selected use of phonemes and their combinations.” For example, in Semitic languages pharyngeal consonants ( chapter 25: pharyngeals ) are found in roots, but not in affixes (McCarthy and Prince 1995), and in many languages ejectives are only found in roots (Rose and Walker 2004; Bybee 2005). Examples from Classical Arabic (Semitic; McCarthy 2005) and Lushootseed (Salish; Bates et al . 1994) illustrate these patterns in (1) below.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.090 | 0.103 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".