Local time extent of magnetopause reconnection X-lines using space–ground coordination
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. Magnetic reconnection X-lines can vary considerably in length. At the Earth's magnetopause, the length generally corresponds to the extent in local time. The extent has been probed by multi-spacecraft crossing the magnetopause, but the estimates have large uncertainties because of the assumption of a continuous X-line between spacecraft and the lack of information beyond areas of spacecraft coverage. The extent has also been inferred by radars as fast ionospheric flows moving anti-sunward across the open-closed field line boundary, but whether a particular ionospheric flow results from reconnection needs to be confirmed. To achieve a reliable interpretation, we compare X-line extents probed by multi-spacecraft and radars for three conjunction events. We find that when reconnection is active at only one spacecraft, only the ionosphere conjugate to this spacecraft shows a channel of fast anti-sunward flow. When reconnection is active at two spacecraft and the spacecraft are separated by 10 Re) are possible forms of reconnection at the magnetopause. Interestingly, the extended reconnection develops from a localized patch via spreading across local time. Potential effects of IMF Bx and By on the X-line extent are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".