Regionalism in Flux: Politics, Economics, and Security in the North American Region
Bibliographic record
Abstract
North America suffers from an existential dilemma. Students of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the process of North American integration have had trouble classifying this area, or even deciding whether it is really a region. North America, with its dominant superpower hegemon, its weak regional institutions, and its straddling of the North/South divide (it brings together two highly developed states, Canada and the United States, with Mexico, a middleincome developing state), does not seem to fit easily into existing categories and frameworks for studying regionalism. While it is a region primarily of the ‘North’, the theoretical frameworks that have been developed to study the main example of Northern regionalism, the European Union (EU), are ill suited to accounting for the origins, nature, and prospects of regionalism in North America. Not just scholars, but also state-based practitioners of economic integration in North America, have widely rejected the EU as a relevant model or point of comparison.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".