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Record W4234775870 · doi:10.25071/2561-5467.357

The “Little Navy” Faction in the House of Representatives: Opposition to Naval Expansion 1913-1916

2008· article· en· W4234775870 on OpenAlexvenueno aff
Stephen Svonavec

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Northern Mariner / Le marin du nord · 2008
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldArts and Humanities
TopicHistorical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsHumanitiesOpposition (politics)ArtPolitical scienceNavyLawPolitics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Les membres du parti Démocratique, propre au Président Woodrow Wilson des États-Unis, se sont opposés à l'expansion de la marine même à un moment où les États-Unis devaient protéger leur neutralité dans la Première Guerre mondiale. Le raisonnement du groupe de la "petite marine" comprenait les soucis budgétaires et l'engagement vers la paix à travers le désarmement. Leur opposition se composait de républicains, partisans de la "grande marine" tels le sénateur Henry Cabot Lodge du Massachusetts et le démocrate "grande marine" Richmond Hobson de l'Alabama. Tandis que les avocats de la "grande marine" gagnaient finalement la bataille congressionnelle, les circonstances ont empêché d'établir le genre de marine qu'ils avaient envisagée. Après l'entrée en guerre des États-Unis en avril 1917, la nécessité n'était plus pour des cuirassés, mais pour de plus petits navires protègeant le commerce contre la campagne dévastatrice des U-boot allemands. Il est ironique qu'en dépit de la défaite de la faction "petite marine", le gouvernement des États-Unis a préconisé et réalisé leurs buts aux conférences de désarmement naval d'après-guerre.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.164
Threshold uncertainty score0.325

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0140.004
Scholarly communication0.0040.001
Open science0.0010.004
Research integrity0.0030.004
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0220.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.030
GPT teacher head0.228
Teacher spread0.197 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2008
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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