Germination studies of three dwarf shrubs (<i>Vaccinium</i>, Ericaceae) of Northern Hemisphere coniferous forests
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Freshly matured seeds of the dwarf shrubs Vaccinium myrtillus L., Vaccinium vitis-idaea L., and Vaccinium uliginosum L. from various sites in coniferous forests in Sweden were tested for germination before and after cold stratification. In initial tests, seeds of V. myrtillus and V. vitis-idaea germinated to 62100% in light at 20:10 and (or) at 25:15°C with few (112%) or no seeds germinating at 15:5(6)°C; however, after 12 or 20 weeks of stratification germination increased significantly in light at 15:5(6)°C. Thus, seeds of these species are conditionally dormant at maturity. Of seeds sown outdoors in southern Sweden on various dates in summer, 120% of V. myrtillus and 02% of V. vitis-idaea germinated before winter. Seeds of neither species germinated during late May, when minimum temperatures were about 710°C, but they did germinate after minimum temperatures increased to [Formula: see text] 10°C. Although stratification increased germination percentages of V. myrtillus and V. vitis-idaea seeds at 15:5(6)°C, more than 2 weeks of incubation at this temperature was required for germination. Thus, even after habitat temperatures have reached the minimum range for germination of nondormant seeds, a slow rate of germination at low temperatures may prevent stratified seeds of both species from germinating in the field in early spring. Nonstratified seeds of V. uliginosum germinated to a maximum of 5% in light and of 7% in darkness, but after 12 weeks of stratification, seeds germinated to 4995% in light and to 160% in darkness at the three temperature regimes. Most seeds of V. uliginosum are dormant at maturity, and they come out of dormancy during stratification in winter. By spring, seeds of V. uliginosum germinate over the same range of temperatures as those of V. myrtillus and V. vitis-idaea, but seeds of V. uliginosum germinate faster at 15:5(6)°C than those of the other two species.Key words: blueberry seed germination, cold stratification, Ericaceae, seed dormancy, seed germination, Vaccinium.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".