DIALYSIS CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The burden of cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients is high. Partly this is due to deterioration of mineral homeostasis. Animal studies suggest that low levels of Klotho, a protein linked to aging, might constitute a key factor in this deterioration. The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between serum Klotho (sKlotho) and the presence of cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients. Methods: sKlotho levels were measured in a cohort of dialysis patients and related to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular mass using echocardiography, coronary artery disease (CAD) and calcification score using coronary CT scan and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) score measured by abdominal X-ray. Results: We included 127 dialysis patients, 677 y.o. 76% male, median sKlotho 460pg/mL. In our multivariate model, sKlotho was independently associated with AACscore (B=0.65, CI 0.04-1.26, p=0.04). There was a strong crude association between sKlotho and CAD (OR; 2.74, CI 1.14-6.59), which became slightly weaker after adjusting for confounders (OR 2.52 CI 0.88-7.21). Among patients with sKlotho >460pg/mL, 61% had 1 occluded coronary artery, compared to 81% in the group with lower sKlotho. Conclusions: In a cohort of dialysis patients, sKlotho level was associated with coronary artery disease and abdominal aortic calcification. These data suggest that loss of sKlotho, might be a relevant marker of cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".