The Interplay of Forces and Their Strength on Fluid Flow in Gas Condensate Reservoirs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Interplay of Forces and Their Strength on Fluid Flow in Gas Condensate Reservoirs Jann-Rune Ursin Jann-Rune Ursin Stavanger University College Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Paper presented at the SPE Gas Technology Symposium, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, April 2002. Paper Number: SPE-75671-MS https://doi.org/10.2118/75671-MS Published: April 30 2002 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Get Permissions Search Site Citation Ursin, Jann-Rune. "The Interplay of Forces and Their Strength on Fluid Flow in Gas Condensate Reservoirs." Paper presented at the SPE Gas Technology Symposium, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, April 2002. doi: https://doi.org/10.2118/75671-MS Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll ProceedingsSociety of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)SPE Unconventional Resources Conference / Gas Technology Symposium Search Advanced Search AbstractProduction from gas condensate reservoirs is characterized by condensation of gas and liquid dropout, first in the near wellbore volume, then as a region dynamically developing into the reservoir. The effects of liquid condensation are reduced productivity and loss of production. Successful forecast of well productivity from gas condensate reservoirs depends on proper understanding of the various forces acting on fluid flow in time and space. Production form these reservoirs is thus indirectly related to the interplay of fundamental forces, such as; inertial, viscosity, capillary and gravity, and their relative strengths, demonstrated through various dimensionless numbers.Dimensionless numbers are defined and calculated for all pressure and space coordinates in a test reservoir, thus defining various dynamical regions where certain forces are dominating over others. Identification of these regions in a reservoir facilitates use of pseudo permeability functions, which again should be correlated to interplay of forces.Material balance -, reservoir fluid flow - and wellbore flow calculations are performed on a cylindrical reservoir model. The ratios between fundamental forces are calculated and dimensionless numbers are defined. The interplay of forces, demonstrated by these numbers, are calculated as function of radial dimension and reservoir pressure. Comparisons of the different dimensionless numbers are performed and gas permeability is evaluated in the test case.IntroductionGas condensate reservoirs are characterized by gas condensation and liquid drop out in the reservoir under normal production. The extent of condensation under isothermal depletion varies considerably and is to a large extent related to the temperature difference between the critical temperature of the fluid and the reservoir temperature. In gas condensate reservoirs where these temperatures are naturally close, relatively large amounts of liquid condensate can drop out, causing alternating flow behavior on several scales in the reservoir [1].The drop out of liquids represent to a large extent lost production and the condensate deposited is generally considered to be a hindrance to normal gas flow. In particular is this a problem in the near well region, where loss of well productivity is a persistent problem. The general concern and uncertainty related to well deliverability [2] and to reservoir productivity in general are basically a result of the continued liquid drop out in gas condensate reservoirs. Keywords: capillary force, spe 75671, condensate, pore velocity, upstream oil & gas, viscous force, wellbore, strength, reservoir, flow in porous media Subjects: Reservoir Fluid Dynamics, Reservoir Simulation, Formation Evaluation & Management, Flow in porous media This content is only available via PDF. 2002. Society of Petroleum Engineers You can access this article if you purchase or spend a download.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".