Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays for the Analysis of DNA-Protein Interactions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Several nuclear mechanisms involve specific DNA-protein interactions. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA, also known as the gel mobility shift or gel retardation assay), first described almost two decades ago ( 1 , 2 ), provides a simple, efficient and widely used method to study such interactions. Its ease of use, its versatility, and especially its high sensitivity (10 −18 mol of DNA [ 2 ]) make it a powerful method that has been successfully used in a variety of situations not only in gene regulation analyzes but also in studies of DNA replication, repair, and recombination. Although very useful for qualitative purposes, EMSA has the added advantage of being suitable for quantitative and kinetic analyzes ( 3 ). Furthermore, because of its very high sensitivity, EMSA makes it possible to resolve complexes of different protein or DNA stoichiometry ( 4 ) and even to detect conformational changes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".