Effects of stage of maturity and protein supplementation on growth and nitrogen utilisation by cattle fed oat silage
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cereal silages are used extensively in the diets of feedlot cattle all over western Canada. Plants are generally harvested at dough stage as this stage is believed to represent the best compromise between feeding value and dry matter yield. However, under the growing conditions of eastern Canada, where cereals are grown as cover crops, it has been argued that harvesting at the boot stage would be beneficial to the establishment of the under sown crop and could improve yields of digestible dry matter. Previous experiments have suggested that cereal silages harvested at boot stage vs soft dough stage (Acosta et al., 1991), although the former were more digestible, resulted in no benefit in terms of animal performance. Our work with grass silages (Berthiaume et al, 1996) showed that this could be due to the highly degradable nature of protein in immature silages, and that protein supplements would be beneficial. This study evaluated the effect of harvesting oats for silage at boot vs milk stage with or without the addition of a protein supplement on nitrogen utilisation and growth of calves.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".