A Novel Clock Distribution System with Injection Locked Rotary Traveling Wave Oscillator and Built-In Self-Test
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The thesis implemented a clock distribution system with novel Injection Locked Rotary Traveling Wave Oscillators (IL-RTWOs) and Built-In Self-Test (BIST).Both trans-conductance injection locking and pulse injection locking techniques are explored.The combination of switched Metal-Insulator-Metal capacitors (MIM-caps) and a novel use of Complementary Varactor Pairs (CVPs) target a 1.7 GHz to 2.0 GHz frequency tuning range and 100 kHz frequency resolution.The Complementary Varactor Pairs (CVPs) implemented for RTWO phase tuning achieves 56° phase tuning range and 0.34° worst case phase tuning resolution.The RTWO scheme is implemented in IBM's 130 nm CMOS technology.The RTWO free running phase noise is -126dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset from 2 GHz operating frequency.With the injection locking techniques, the RTWO inband phase noise is further reduced.This project also describes a Built-In Self-Test (BIST) circuit used to verify and tune the timing integrity of the clock distribution system.The die area is limited by the outer parameter of the RTWOs -leaving internalspace for other circuits.The BIST circuit occupies 0.025 mm 2 chip area.The BIST circuit allows testing of the integrity of the clock distribution system at speed by determining if the system clock skew can be tolerated or needs adjustment.The clock distribution network consumes a total of 26.5 mA current from a 1.14 V power supply.The close-in spurs of the IL-RTWO are 79 dB lower than the output spectrum.The IL-RTWO attains an inband phase noise performance of -132 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset from 2.039 GHz output and its integrated rms jitter from 1 kHz to 40 MHz offset frequency is 39 fs.The pulse and transconductance injector circuits are analyzed and measured and it List of
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".