Small Fruit Crop Responses to Leaf Intercellular CO2, Primary Macronutrient Limitation and Crop Rotation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Many environmental abiotic stress factors and farming practices can contribute to influence plant physiological development and crop productivity. Environmental variations in CO 2 , water, radiation, and nutrients are among the most significant abiotic stress factors to influence crop performance. Farming practices such as nutrient supply and crop rotation are especially important to ensure healthy crop production. This paper is focused on understanding small fruit crop physiological responses to primary macronutrient limitation under different crop rotation conditions through summarizing the results of two separate field studies conducted in Nova Scotia, Canada. The field studies have investigated the physiological development of strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) crops under reduced primary macronutrient supplies in different types of crop rotation regimes. It is concluded that strawberry plants treated with 25%-reduced K–N inputs could promote strawberry K/N assimilation to render the plants healthier with significantly higher leaf intercellular CO 2 concentrations, plant photosynthesis, carboxylation, and water use efficiency. These physiological advantages could lead to advance berry formation and produce significantly higher marketable yields ( P < 0.05). Higher leaf intercellular CO 2 concentrations inhibited leaf/ fruit NO 3 − ion retention, but this inhibition did not occur in retention of leaf/fruit K + ions and total dissolved solids. Also, 50%-reduced macronutrient P inputs could result in a suitable nursery plant P/N retention ratio (0.14–0.17) for optimum nursery formation in wheat–ryegrass–ryegrass–strawberry (WRRS) and corn–ryegrass–ryegrass–strawberry (CRRS) rotation systems. High P inputs could hurt the strawberry nursery crops by prohibition of plant P/N uptake. Overall, maximum NPK deficiency (control plots) could cause plant stress, and unlimited macronutrient supplies could constrain more fruit formation and nutritional attributes than reduced NPK inputs. Limited primary macronutrient supplies would be a profitable strategy to enhance plant macronutrient assimilation and physiological development while reducing uses of nonrenewable fertilizers and environmental risk to promote sustainable, low-input small fruit crop production.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".