The Effects of Penta-Brominated Diphenyl Ether (penta-BDE, BDE-99) on Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK293) Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Individuals are exposed to toxic chemicals on a daily basis.Some toxic chemicals produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which contribute to protein modification and the accumulation of protein carbonyl groups.The antioxidant response to ROS involves the binding of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 subunit-related transcription factors (NFE2L or Nrfs) to antioxidant response elements (AREs)/electrophile response elements (EpREs), located in the promoter and enhancer regions of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes.Activation of the AREs/EpREs pathway by Nrf proteins, in response to pentabrominated diphenyl ether (penta-BDE, BDE-99) flame retardant, was observed.Protein damage (as assessed protein carbonyl assays), lipid damage (as assessed by oxidation assays), and the activation of the beta-galactosidase enzyme occurred as a results of penta-BDE treatment.These results provide insight into how penta-BDE a) initiates the antioxidant response, b) damages proteins and lipids through ROS and c) increases betagalactosidase activity.iii x
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".