Size Degradation of Shale Drill Cuttings in Deepwater Discharge Conditions from Synthetic-Based Drilling Fluids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Size Degradation of Shale Drill Cuttings in Deepwater Discharge Conditions from Synthetic-Based Drilling Fluids Paul Scott; Paul Scott ConocoPhillips Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar John Candler John Candler M-I SWACO Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Paper presented at the SPE International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, April 2010. Paper Number: SPE-126253-MS https://doi.org/10.2118/126253-MS Published: April 12 2010 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Get Permissions Search Site Citation Scott, Paul , and John Candler. "Size Degradation of Shale Drill Cuttings in Deepwater Discharge Conditions from Synthetic-Based Drilling Fluids." Paper presented at the SPE International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, April 2010. doi: https://doi.org/10.2118/126253-MS Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll ProceedingsSociety of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Health, Safety, Environment, and Sustainability Search Advanced Search Abstract Shale drill cuttings exposed to synthetic-based drilling fluids (SBDF) processed by cuttings dryers were studied under simulated deepwater discharge conditions and found to size degrade with time. This hydration and size degradation is similar to what occurs with water-based cuttings. Lower retention on cuttings and wider dispersion of discharged cuttings results in lower organic enrichment, which reduces potential seafloor impacts from deepwater drilling operations.While this was indicated in previous studies, it had not been confirmed with laboratory studies that simulate deepwater conditions. Previous studies reported settling velocities after exposure to seawater for only a few minutes. A cutting may settle at speeds that allow exposure to seawater for 0.9 to 3 hours for each 3,280 ft (1,000 m) of water depth.A flow loop was constructed to expose cuttings to seawater for extended time periods and separate the cuttings into fractions of four different settling velocities. Changes in each fraction with increased time indicate changes in settling velocity distribution. The flow loop consists of a series of increasing larger clear vertical tubes where smaller particles carry over to larger lower velocity columns. An initial experiment with inert solids plus three different shale cuttings were tested. The concentration of synthetic on initial and final samples was measured and correlated to size. Video photography was used to document and characterize cuttings behavior.Current discharge models do not include the effect of size degradation on reduced fall velocity for deepwater discharges. Reduced fall velocity causes a wider aerial dispersion that reduces the potential for the formation of significant cuttings accumulation and reduced environmental impact. Accurate cuttings size is needed to determine a fall velocity and accurately predict the distribution of drill cuttings discharged into the ocean. Data from previous fall velocity studies and field monitoring studies will be presented and discussed. Keywords: base fluid content, drilling fluid property, spe 126253, shale drill, drilling fluid selection and formulation, upstream oil & gas, particle, size degradation, seawater, drilling fluid formulation Subjects: Drilling Fluids and Materials, Drilling fluid selection and formulation (chemistry, properties) Copyright 2010, Society of Petroleum Engineers You can access this article if you purchase or spend a download.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".