Bibliographic record
Abstract
Technology Focus Another tough year has passed since the last coiled-tubing feature in JPT. In spite of the difficult economic climate, the SPE/ ICoTA Coiled Tubing and Well Intervention Conference and Exhibition moved to a new venue this year, the George R. Brown Convention Center in Houston, because of the continued growth of the exhibition in prior years. Attendance was down by only a small percentage, which, I hope, is an encouraging sign. As mentioned in last year’s feature, the coiled-tubing industry is adapting to the changing environment. Several papers at this year’s conference discussed various aspects of subsea work performed with coiled tubing. Two papers presented different methods to use coiled tubing to enter or drill wellbores by using either an injector or a snubbing jack at the seabed and a secondary coiled-tubing injector at the surface. In both methods, the coiled tubing runs freely through the water— that is, the coiled tubing is not contained within a secondary riser pipe—and, hence, many in the industry are referring to this new technique as riserless coiled tubing. Other subsea operations mentioned included the use of coiled tubing as a downline for pumping fluids from a vessel to a subsea tree or pipeline. While this is not new to the coiled-tubing industry, tooling and vessel-based-equipment improvements have been developed to make operations safer and more versatile. Also in this arena, new thermoplastic composite materials are being introduced to the market and may bring further enhancements. These types of developments require considerable investment on behalf of the companies involved and tend to signal confidence in the longer-term return. Meanwhile, investment in furthering the understanding of the performance of steel materials for coiled-tubing well-intervention operations continues to grow. This performance envelope is being examined in terms of both the mechanical (e.g., abrasion and fatigue) and the environmental (e.g., sour-well environments). For example, renewed studies are being conducted on the combination of high-cycle elastic and low-cycle plastic fatigue, which currently has relevance to subsea work. Formerly, such studies were limited to the use of coiled tubing as a pump string. Additionally, established knowledge of solids transport in high-angle wells, from both field experience and laboratory work, is being applied more widely to reduce costs through increased efficiency. This has been a long implementation curve for the coiled-tubing industry. The next 12 months could bring upturns and downturns and greater or lesser volatility. Whatever may happen, the coiled-tubing industry’s record last year indicates that it will still be moving forward. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. SPE 179096 Localized Extreme Coiled-Tubing Wall Loss—Causes and Remediation Practices by Steven Craig, Baker Hughes, et al. SPE 179083 Novel Abrasive Perforating With Acid-Soluble Material and Subsequent Hydrajet-Assisted Stimulation Provide Outstanding Results in Carbonate Gas Well by Alejandro Chacon, Halliburton, et al. SPE 168294 Coiled-Tubing-Material Selection for Velocity Strings in Sour Brine Service by I. Ward, Shell Canada, et al.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.170 | 0.108 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".