Effects of Short-Term Environmental Enrichment on Cognition and Neurogenic Potential: Juvenile Versus Adult Mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Early in telencephalic development, neural stem cells are born in the ventricular zone and migrate through the cortex before differentiating into neurons and glia.Adult neurogenesis, however, is limited to specific niches in the brain: the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (DG) and the subventricular zone (SVZ).The proliferation potential of these neural stem cells is plastic and shows changes across states and in response to environmental manipulations.It has previously been shown that short-term environmental enrichment is sufficient to increase the proliferation of the astroglial stem cell pool in the DG of juvenile mice.Because longer-term enrichment protocols are typically used to induce behavioural and functional recovery in adult mice, it is expected that that short-term enrichment will be sufficient to induce an increase in neural stem cell potential only in juveniles.Using male C57 wild-type mice, we examined the potential of SVZ and DG neural stem cells (NSC's) in vitro following short-term enrichment using neurosphere assays in both juvenile (P35) and adult (P90) mice.The assays were examined for neurosphere (NS) size, a marker of proliferation.We also examined the effect of short-term environmental enrichment on cognitive abilities such as learning and memory as well as anxiety behaviour.As expected, we saw a trend that indicated that short-term enrichment increased NSC proliferation in the SVZ in juvenile but not adult mice.We also observed an effect of enrichment on the cognitive abilities of both age groups.Together, these data suggest that even short-term environmental enrichment can influence the proliferative potential of NSC's and play a role in increasing learning and memory in both juvenile and adult mice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".