Larval Morphology of Aspidytidae (Coleoptera: Adephaga) and Its Phylogenetic Implications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aspidytidae, or cliff water beetles, are a recently discovered family of Adephaga, which have an apparently disjunct distribution in China and South Africa. The larvae of Aspidytidae are described for the first time, based on material of Aspidytes niobe Ribera, Beutel, Balke & Vogler, 2002, collected together with adults in South Africa. External morphological features, including chaetotaxy, are reported for all three larval instars, and an assessment made of the polarity of larval characters of phylogenetic utility in Adephaga. Larvae of Aspidytidae possess a mixture of primitive and derived character states, and are unique within the Adephaga in retaining the egg-bursters to instar II, and having dorsally orientated spiracles on abdominal segment VIII in instars II and III. Larvae of Aspidytae have retained several character states which are plesiomorphic within the Dytiscoidea: e.g., the abdominal segment IX retained as a small remnant and the primary seta UR9 and the primary pores URd, URe, and URf are present on the urogomphus. A parsimony analysis based on 17 informative larval characteristics was conducted with the program PAUP*. The six most parsimonious trees confirm the Aspidytidae as a relatively basal lineage of the Dytiscoidea.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".