Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter explores pathologies of the spine. The first study addresses the question of adjacent segment disease in the cervical spine. The second study, which presents a critical review of cervical laminoplasty, has a historical value showing how a novel procedure can be rejected at first but subsequently commonly adopted. The next two studies compare lumbar discectomy versus nonoperative treatment for lumbar disc herniation, and determine the safety and efficacy of bone morphogenetic proterin-2 in anterior lumbar interbody fusion. The following study is also of historic value, it evaluates the effect of pedicle screw instrumentation on fusion rates in posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion. The following studies focus on the treatment of adult scoliosis, compare the National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study Low-Risk Criteria to the Canadian C-Spine Rule in patients with trauma, and demonstrate that direct decompressive surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy is superior to treatment with radiotherapy alone for patients with spinal cord compression caused by metastatic cancer. Finally, a historical paper from 1980 investigates anterior approaches to the cervical spine.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.331 | 0.239 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".