Particle Formation and Gas/Particle Partition Measurements of the Products of the Naphthalene-OH Radical Reaction in a Smog Chamber
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The formation of particles during the reaction of naphthalene with OH radicals in a smog chamber was followed by means of a scanning particle-sizing system and aerosol spectrometer probe. The initial formation of nucleation-sized particles (0.03-0.09 w m) quickly grew into an accumulation mode (0.1-3.0 w m) during the photolysis. A small nucleation mode component, however, persisted throughout the experiment, although the major portion of the mass is found in the accumulation mode at later stages in the reaction. Multichannel, annular, diffusion denuders have been used to determine the gas/particle partition factors for many of the observed products. While 1,4-naphthoquinone appears predominantly in the gas phase, the 1- and 2-naphthols and the nitronaphthalenes were found predominantly in the particle phase. Although 2-formylcinnamaldehyde, the most abundant product in the naphthalene-OH photolysis, was split approximately evenly between the gaseous and the particulate phases, the 2-formylcinnamic acid was found almost exclusively in the particle phase.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".