Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas formed by the decay of uranium and thorium in the Earth's crust. At atomic number 86, it is the heaviest member of the noble or inert gas family, which also includes helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon. Unlike the other members of the family, radon has no stable isotopes. Of the 34 known radioactive isotopes of radon, only three are supported by the decay of primordial radionuclides, and only two occur with any significant abundance in nature. The three isotopes, along with their half‐lives, are 222 Rn (3.8235 days), 220 Rn (55.6 s), and 219 Rn (3.96 s). Both 222 Rn and 220 Rn decay by the emission of α‐particles and give rise to a number of short‐lived progeny. 222 Rn and 220 Rn are the only ones regarded as having any health impacts and this is due to their short‐lived progeny— 218 Po, 214 Pb, 214 Bi, and 214 Po from 222 Rn; 216 Po, 212 Pb, 212 Bi, 212 Po, and 208 Tl from 220 Rn. Being a gas, radon diffuses readily into the atmosphere and may build up to hazardous concentrations in confined spaces in homes and underground mines. Radon is the largest single contributor to natural background radiation exposure worldwide. Radon is now recognized as the second leading cause of lung cancer, following tobacco smoking, and is responsible for up to 20 000 deaths per year in the United States and 1900 deaths per year in Canada. Many countries have now established programs to reduce radon exposures to the population.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.096 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".