Measurement of Local Soil Water Flux during Field Solute Transport Experiments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Accurate measurement of local soil water flux, at the same location as solute concentration, remains a challenge, and the lack of these measurements limits our understanding of field solute transport. The objective of this paper is to develop and test methods for measuring local soil water flux under steady-state constant flux infiltration, typical of field solute transport experiments. The methods use vertically installed time domain reflectometry (TDR) probes to measure local solute mass flux from the change in TDR measured impedance after either a step increase or decrease (flushing) in electrolyte (tracer) concentration in the applied water. The local soil water flux was calculated directly from the local solute mass flux. The methods assume that water flow and solute transport are one-dimensional and that TDR estimates of bulk electrical conductivity are not sensitive to the vertical distribution of the applied tracer in the pore water. Field experiments indicate estimates of local soil water flux from step increase and step decrease of tracer concentration were very similar (R2 ≥ 0.63) and average water flux was similar to the application rate. There was moderate correlation between local water fluxes measured using these steady-state methods, and a previously reported method based on early time measurements of water storage during the initial (transient) states of water infiltration. The methods can be used to estimate field average hydraulic conductivity as a function of soil water content.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".