Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Prior to the housing crisis in 2008, research had seldom been conducted on the effects of housing foreclosures on health outcomes. Even though national housing markets have somewhat recovered from the 2008 recession, mortgage loan borrowers across the U.S. remain adversely impacted by the foreclosure crisis. Objectives: The purpose of this research is to evaluate the relationship between foreclosure rates and mental and physical health outcomes, at the U.S. state-level, over a period of seventeen years (2000-2016). This study expects that all the seven health variables in question will share a significant positive relationship with foreclosure. Methods: In this study (N=816), panel regression analysis, using a fixed effects model, is used to analyze the relationship between the two economic variables and seven health variables in question. Results: A significant positive relationship exists between foreclosure and the following health outcomes: major depressive disorder (0.35*** p < 0.001, CI = 0.26 — 0.43), nutritional deficiencies (3.80*** p < 0.001, CI = 3.04 — 4.57), and self-harm and interpersonal violence (0.71*** p < 0.001, CI = 0.55 — 0.86). The health outcomes shown to share a statistically significant negative correlation between foreclosure include: anxiety disorders (0.52*** p < 0.001, CI = -0.60 — -0.44), alcohol use disorders (0.41*** p < 0.001, CI = -0.57 — -0.25), and drug use disorders (0.24*** P = 0.001, CI = -0.39 — -0.10). No significant relationship was elucidated between foreclosure and hypertensive heart disease. Conclusion: Although significant relationships were uncovered between foreclosure and rates of major depressive disorder, nutritional deficiencies, and self-harm and interpersonal violence, more research is required to further evaluate the relationship between economic outcomes and health outcomes. Specifically, more research is necessary to unveil the relationships between foreclosure and the health outcomes: anxiety disorders, drug use disorders, alcohol use disorders, and hypertensive heart disease. Keywords: foreclosure, health, unemployment, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, nutritional deficiencies, self-harm and interpersonal violence, drug use disorder, alcohol use disorder, hypertensive heart disease
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".