Bibliographic record
Abstract
This special issue addresses labour standards in India in the context of globalisation.It takes its cue from the contradiction between the 'race to the bottom' that can be the consequence of globalisation, and the international agenda for improvement in labour conditions which aims to create 'decent work' for all.Against the backdrop of the general processes of deregulation, informalisation and flexibilisation -which are well documented in India -this collection of articles addresses some of the major policy debates regarding labour and labour standards in India, and combines this with a range of detailed, fieldwork-based studies of labour relations and labour standards.It starts out by analysing the relationship between, on the one hand, the international labour standard agenda and the private sector CSR agenda and, on the other hand, policy debates and initiatives in India.Among other things it is argued that the financial crisis, in unexpected ways, might have opened up space for policy debates regarding state interventions for a 'social floor' in areas such as social security and food security.The focus then shifts to the impact of such general developments on actual labour practices on the ground.The fieldwork-based articles deal with different aspects of the segmented labour markets in India, e.g.labour markets for bonded labour and casual labour markets.They cover issues such as agency and everyday struggles from above and below; migrant labour, both within the context of own villages of origin and also within that of the migrant labour markets and, in some regions, the impact of a 'social floor' and tightening labour markets on labour standards.Together the articles depict a number of different but related trends in labour regulations and labour standards in India; they demonstrate the agency of labour and capital and the impact of state policies on this.For scholars of labour relations in India this is of obvious relevance, while for scholars of global labour relations this constitutes, we believe, an important in-depth study of the interplay between international economic processes and international agendas of labour regulation and labour standards, both at national level and with regard to actual labour relations.The issue also provides food for thought for wider labour studies discussions.A core debate in the recent issues of this Journal concerns the extent to which labour studies are characterised by 'false optimism' -a point made forcefully by Michael Burawoy who argues that this is the case and that, instead, the starting point should be 'uncompromising pessimism'.Underlying this are differing views on the relative importance of exploitation, commodification and national versus international struggle -in part due to whether the point of departure is taken from Polanyi or Marx, in part due to different tactical and strategic views on labour related struggles today.We will return to the contribution of the present special issue to this debate below.First
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.022 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.126 | 0.073 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".