Local and geographic variation in the pheromone blend of the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus Rufipennis Kirby (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of aggregation and anti-aggregation pheromones by spruce beetles has enabled the development of synthetic lures and repellants for monitoring and management purposes. However, the successful application of these tools across the spruce beetle’s large range may be stymied by geographic variation in the beetle’s response to and production of pheromone blends. Furthermore, a relative lack of published data on spruce beetle pheromone dynamics and regional pheromone variation may impede further research and the development of improved lures. Here I provide quantitative measurements of pheromone blends from spruce beetles obtained from numerous sites across Canada. I provide new evidence of geographic variation between the pheromone blends of beetles from eastern and western Canada, as well as within British Columbia and Alberta. I also show that feeding appears to be a prerequisite for pheromone production by spruce beetles, and that females transition from producing an aggregation pheromone... .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".