Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Functionalism is the methodological theory that the institutional structure of a society is explained by showing that its diverse institutions function well together: They avoid conflicts (such as civil wars). Greek tragedy describes conflicts as unavoidable (e.g., Antigone ). Functionalists deem all stable societies functional. An institution or a behavior pattern is dysfunctional if it undermines stability. The failure to import institutions comprises a significant paradigm case. Functionalists view social systems as all or nothing, denying that real dysfunctional institutions exist; against this, Merton claimed that racism is inherently dysfunctional. This leads to the expectation of dysfunctions everywhere. Functionalism as a method of explanation thus collapses. The alternative mode of explanation is older: It is that the dysfunctional is an unintended consequence of the functional. This renders social evils the outcome of ignorance rather than of ill will. Merton thus destroyed functionalism from within.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.018 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.028 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".