Agents of Control or Chaos? A Strike at Arvida Helps Clarify Canadian Policy on Using Troops against Workers during the Second World War
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In July 1941 Canada's largest aluminum plant stopped production. Minister of Munitions and Supply C.D. Howe believing that saboteurs were responsible sought military intervention to restore order. Prime Minister W.L. Mackenzie King and other cabinet colleagues feared the consequences of sending troops against strikers. The government's reaction to the strike, during this unprecedented period when it was constantly redefining what new powers it needed, revealed important divisions in the federal cabinet. These divisions concerned the role of the army in sustaining production as well as the larger question of Ottawa's relationship with labour and the provincses in wartime. En juillet 1941, la production est interrompue dans la principale usine d'aluminium du Canada. C.D. Howe, alors ministre des Munitions et des approvisionnements, croyant qu'il s'agit de saboteurs, demande une intervention militaire pour retablir l'ordre. Le Premier ministre de l'epoque, W.L. Mackenzie King, et d'autres membres de son cabinet s'inquietent des repercussions possibles de l'envoi de troupes armees contre les grevistes. La reaction du gouvernement par rapport a la greve, durant cette periode sans precedent pendant laquelle on cherchait sans cesse a redefinir les pouvoirs necessaires, a suscite d'importantes divisions au sein du cabinet federal. Ces divisions portaient non seulement sur le role de l'armee dans le maintien de la production, mais aussi sur la question plus importante de la relation entre Ottawa, le travail et les provinces en temps de guerre.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.012 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".