A PROPOSAL FOR A NEW RED ALGAL ORDER, THE THOREALES
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The freshwater red algal genera Nemalionopsis and Thorea are currently classified in the family Thoreaceae of the Batrachospermales. However, these two genera differ from other members of the order in having multiaxial thalli. The phylogenetic relationships of the genera were investigated using a combination of DNA sequence analysis ( rbcL and 18S rRNA genes) and transmission electron microscopy. In both gene trees, Nemalionopsis and Thorea form well supported clades (87–100% bootstrap values) separate from other members of the Batrachospermales as well as taxa from the Acrochaetiales, Palmariales, and Nemaliales. In addition, analysis of the secondary structure of the 18S rRNA gene in Nemalionopsis and Thorea reveals an additional helix, which is not present in any of the other taxa within the Rhodophyta. Pit plugs of the Thoreaceae also differ from those of other members of the Batrachospermales in not having an outer cap layer that is not universally domed. Based on these findings, it is proposed that Nemalionopsis and Thorea represent a distinct taxonomic group that should be recognized as a new order, the Thoreales.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".