Genetic contribution of three introduced life history forms of sockeye salmon to colonization of Frazer Lake, Alaska
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Colonization of Frazer Lake (Kodiak Island, Alaska) by sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) represents a rare, successful introduction of this species into a new environment. Eggs, fry, and adults were introduced repeatedly into Frazer Lake from 1951 to 1971. Donors originated from three source populations, each with different life histories: late-run lake shoreline spawners (Karluk Lake), early-run inlet tributary spawners (Red Lake), and late-run lake outlet spawners (Ruth Lake). We used six nuclear DNA (nDNA) microsatellite loci and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to determine which donor population(s) had colonized the principal spawning habitats of Frazer Lake: three shoreline areas and four inlet tributaries. Based on nDNA comparisons, two shoreline-spawning populations were most similar to the shoreline donor, and the four tributary-spawning populations were most similar to the tributary donor. However, five of the seven Frazer Lake populations appeared to be influenced genetically by more than one donor. Genetic distances based on mtDNA were independent of life histories with high (relative to nDNA) interpopulation variation, suggesting significant female founder effects and poststocking drift. Our data suggest that life history adaptations of donor populations were critically important for successful colonization of Frazer Lake, thus underscoring the need to consider life history traits in other introduction and recovery programs.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".