In vitro and in vivo evidence of bioenergetic metabolism alteration by mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background: To better understand the potential alteration of muscle bioenergetic metabolism by the obesogenic toxicant mono-(2ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) the objectives of this research were to determine the: 1) association between urinary MEHP levels and plasma fatty acid levels in women with obesity who participated in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) studies, and 2) in vitro effects of MEHP on fatty acid, or glucose supported mitochondrial energetics in C2C12 muscle cells.Results: The association between urinary MEHP from NHANES participants with plasma fatty acid levels was studied via secondary data statistical analyses. 14C-palmitic acid oxidation, Seahorse fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis stress tests and western blot analyses were conducted on C2C12 cells exposed to increasing MEHP concentrations. Increased urinary MEHP in women with obesity was associated with increased plasma gamma-linolenic and arachidonic acid levels. C2C12 myotubes exposed to increasing MEHP concentrations, displayed decreased fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Acyl-CoA synthetase long chain 5 (ACSL5) protein level was also upregulated with increasing MEHP exposure in C2C12 myoblasts. Glycolysis was not significantly modified with increased exposure of C2C12 cells to MEHP.Conclusions: MEHP exposure may alter fatty acid utilization at the whole-body level in women with obesity and fatty acid utilization in muscle cells. Our findings are consistent with the idea that women with obesity may be particularly susceptible to the effects of MEHP, which alters fatty acid metabolism in muscle cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".