Coconut Crisis in Kerala? Mainstream Narrative and Alternative Perspectives
Bibliographic record
Abstract
India's oilseeds sector, of which the coconut economy is part, experienced drastic changes in the wake of agricultural liberalization in the mid-1990s.A persistent coconut crisis 'narrative' emerged after sharp prices declines in 2000-02 in which small farmers in the state of Kerala, India's main coconut producer, were identified as victims from the liberalized importation of cheap palm oil.This paper describes this crisis narrative based on a literature review of academic and official reports, and it challenges its problem analysis juxtaposing it with information from ethnographic research with local farmers and traders.The research indicates that local labour shortages and increased regional competition also had a strong impact on Kerala's coconut development, which varied from region to region.Furthermore, small farmers with their diversified livelihoods did not recognize a 'crisis' as such.Drawing upon the 'advocacy coalition framework', the paper also indicates reasons for the emergence and persistence of the coconut crisis narrative and it points to complex processes of restructuring social space in the age of globalization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.019 | 0.033 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.020 | 0.010 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".