An acoustic study of pulmonic and ejective stops in final coda position in Yucatec
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents preliminary acoustic analyses of contrast between pulmonic and ejective stops in phrase final coda position in Yucatec, a Mayan language. Ejective sounds are found in about 16% of the world's languages, and there are a relatively large number of acoustic studies of these sounds. However, a significant empirical shortcoming of the previous studies is their exclusive focus on the acoustic realization of ejective sounds in syllable onset position. This is partly due to a cross-linguistic tendency prohibiting ejective sounds from occurring in syllable coda position. Data from Yucatec, which allows ejective sounds to occur in coda position, fill the empirical gap. Voiceless stop /k/ and ejective stop /k'/ were compared in phrase final coda position, taking a number of acoustic measurements. The results showed (1) stop release was shorter for the ejective, (2) stop closure was shorter for the ejective, (3) stop release noise intensity was higher for the ejective, and (4) coda type affected the voice quality of the preceding vowel (H1-H2 was higher for short vowels preceding the voiceless stop).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".