A Novel Composite Membrane for Temperature-and pH-Responsive Permeation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A stimuli-sensitive composite membrane was prepared from nanoparticles of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) and a hydrophobic polymer. The effects of temperature, solute size, and pH on the solute permeation through the membrane were studied. The permeation rate increased with increasing temperature or decreasing pH. A greater increase was found for larger molecules like vitamin B 12 than smaller ones. Both membrane hydration and solute partition, decreasing with increasing temperature, could not explain the increased permeability. Thus a gel-pore mechanism of permeation was proposed that the solutes could diffuse through the membrane via two pathways, namely the gel phase of the nanoparticles and the water-filled pores, depending upon the molecular size. The nanoparticles acted as nanovalves controlling the pore size of the membrane by their volume change. The SEM photographs evidenced the porous structure of the membrane when the nanoparticles collapsed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".