Background Rejection in Two-Phase Xenon using Scintillation Pulse-Shape Discrimination for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay Searches
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work attempted to identify measurable differences in the pulse shapes of one and two electron scintillation events in liquid xenon, with the goal of developing a technique for improved background rejection in neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νββ) experiments.A system was constructed to generate one and two electron events using gamma rays from an external thorium-228 source.Sodium iodide counters were used to tag one and two electron events, which were produced from Compton scattering and pair-production of the thorium gamma respectively.A novel cryogenic compatible silicon photomultiplier was used to measure the light from scintillation events and it was demonstrated that the system could trigger on coincidence between the scintillation and event tag signals.No conclusions could be made on the timing structure of events, based on long decay times in the photomultiplier and electronics, and suggestions are made for future improvements.v List of Acronyms 0νββ neutrinoless double-beta decay.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".