El comienzo del turismo español: una aproximación a los precedentes de las relaciones públicas institucionales (1900-1950) / The beginning of Spanish tourism: an approach to the precedents of institutional public relations (1900-1950)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
El presente artículo repasa la historia del turismo en España en la primera mitad del siglo XX con el objeto de señalar algunos precedentes para la historia de las relaciones públicas. Este acercamiento a la historia de las relaciones públicas resulta interesante por tres motivos. En primer lugar, el enfoque se aleja de las coordenadas temporales habituales y representa un enfoque novedoso para el estudio de la historia de las relaciones públicas en nuestro país, ya que los precedentes han recibido escasa atención por parte de los investigadores. En segundo lugar, ofrece una posibilidad de acercamiento a las iniciativas del Estado en materia de comunicación en los albores del siglo XX, cuestión aún sin abordar por parte de la academia. Y, por último, explora la importancia fundamental del turismo en la cultura contemporánea como sector de influencia en las relaciones políticas y diplomáticas de algunos estados a través de la comunicación y las relaciones públicas, incluso hace un siglo./ This article reviews the history of Spanish tourism in the first half of the 20th century in order to mark some precedents in the history of public relations. There is an interest in this approach for three reasons. First, it is an unusual approach to traditional and assumed timescales in the history of public relations in our country just because precedents have received little -if any- scholarly attention. Secondly, it offers an innovative perspective to the underresearched area of institutional PR at the dawn of the 20th century. And finally it explores the fundamental importance of tourism in contemporary culture as a sector of influence for political and diplomatic relations through communication and public relations, even a century ago.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".