Bibliographic record
Abstract
Clubroot Overview upWhat is it?Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is a serious disease of canola, mustard and other crops in the cabbage family.Cole crops such as broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, kale, kohlrabi, radish, rutabaga and turnip are also susceptible to clubroot.Where did it come from?Clubroot was first detected in a canola field near Edmonton in 2003.This find was the first report of clubroot on canola in Canada.How the disease made its way to Alberta is unknown. Why has it spread?Clubroot can only spread through resting spores in the soil.Resting spores are most likely to spread via contaminated soil carried from field to field by equipment.Tillage equipment represents the greatest risk of spreading the disease as soil is frequently carried on shovels from field to field. Why is it of concern?Resting spores are extremely long lived, surviving in soil for up to 20 years.The longevity of the resting spores is a key factor contributing to the seriousness of the disease, especially under tight canola rotations.Research indicates that infestations nearing 100 per cent cause about 50 per cent yield loss, while infestations of 10 to 20 per cent lead to 5 to 10 per cent yield loss.Also, yield and quality (oil content) of the seed are reduced. What is being done about it?In spring 2007, clubroot was added as a declared pest to Alberta's Agricultural Pests Act.The Agricultural Pests Act is the legislative authority for enforcement of control measures for declared pests in Alberta.Researchers from the University of Alberta and Alberta Agriculture and Food have begun research projects on clubroot in Alberta. What is the current state of clubroot in Alberta?At this time, clubroot has primarily been found in the Edmonton area.However, it has the potential to spread to most of the traditional canola growing areas of Alberta.Clubroot is a serious soil-borne disease of cruciferous crops (canola and cabbage family) worldwide and was first identified in Europe in the thirteenth century.This disease is a major problem in cole crops (cruciferous vegetables like cabbage) in some areas of British Columbia, Quebec and Ontario.There have been two previous reports of clubroot in cole crops in Alberta.Thus, clubroot is not a new disease in Canada or Alberta.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.296 | 0.062 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".