Erratum to: Unexpectedly low pulse oximetry measurements associated with variant hemoglobins: A systematic review
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Pulse oximetry estimates arterial blood oxygen saturation based on light absorbance of oxy‐ and deoxy‐hemoglobin at 660 and 940 nm wavelengths. Patients with unexpectedly low SpO 2 often undergo cardio‐pulmonary testing to ascertain the cause of their hypoxemia. However, in a subset of patients, a variant hemoglobin is responsible for low SpO 2 measurements. The extent of this problem is unclear. We performed a systematic literature review for reports of low SpO 2 associated with variant hemoglobins. We also reviewed unpublished cases from an academic hemoglobin diagnostic reference laboratory. Twenty‐five publications and four unpublished cases were identified, representing 45 patients with low SpO 2 and confirmed variant hemoglobin. Fifty‐seven family members of patients had confirmed or suspected variant hemoglobin. Three low oxygen affinity variant hemoglobins had concordantly low SpO 2 and SaO 2 . Eleven variant hemoglobins were associated with unexpectedly low SpO 2 measurements but normal SaO 2 . Hemoglobin light absorbance testing was reported in three cases, all of which showed abnormal absorption spectra between 600 and 900 nm. Seven other variant hemoglobins had decreased SpO 2 , with unreported or uncertain SaO 2 . Twenty‐one variant hemoglobins were found to be associated with low SpO 2 . Most variant hemoglobins were associated with spuriously low SpO 2 . Abnormal absorption spectra explain the discrepancy between SpO 2 and SaO 2 for some variants. The differential diagnosis of possible variant hemoglobin ought to be considered in asymptomatic patients found to have unexpectedly low SpO 2 . The correct diagnosis will help to spare patients from unnecessary investigations and anxiety. Am. J. Hematol. 86:722–725, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it