The Transformation of the Laity in Bergamo, 1265-c.1400
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In her research and writing, Roisin Cossar has aimed to recover the full range of activity undertaken by lay people in the religious life and culture of late medieval Bergamo.This is not as straightforward as it may sound, nor is it simply a species of church history.In the past decade more historians have turned to looking at civic religion as a key to understanding the legitimizing ideology that structured many Italian communes and that created functioning civic societies.Cossar's work is framed by that socio-political approach to lay civic religion, and her approach deliberately aims to capture the lay presence in a number of different dimensions -certainly the institutional framework of confraternities and hospitals, the eccle- siastical dimension of the parish, but also the personal account as traced through wills.Most of the work in this field has tended to treat only one of these sources, RecensioniCessar skillfully gives both gender and class to the sometimes undifferentiat- ed mass of the 'popolo', and shows how the rhetoric of equality becomes the pious façade behind which serious and concerted efforts are being made to shape a civic- religious social and political structure that expands the power of a male elite.Her account in Chapter Two of women working in charitable hospitals is particularly valuable because she is able to sift through the individual strands of charity, work, and vocation that we have known about but whose inter-action we have never quite probed.It is significant material, because the hospital as a place for widows to retire to, work in, and eventually find shelter in was one of the prime public spaces where one finds women acting as independent legal agents.Cossar has found that this activity was seen by some as disruptive of accepted gender norms, and that it triggered responses aimed at curbing the widow's latitude.One might have found some of this by looking at minute books or shifting statutes but, by adding wills and notarial records, Cossar has moved to a far more sophisticated level of analysis.This analysis shows again that any efforts to locate the roots of
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".