Clinical-pathological review of 14 cases of merkel cell carcinoma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, primary, cutaneous, neuroendocrine skin tumour that occurs commonly in the head, neck or extremities of elderly white people. Fourteen cases of MCC in the Hamilton Regional Cancer Centre between 1992 and 2000 have been reviewed. Seven cases required a panel of immunohistochemical markers and two cases required electron microscopy for confirmation. Seven men and seven women were treated, and ranged from 67 to 96 years of age (mean 77.7 years). The primary tumour was located in the head and neck in seven patients (50%), in the extremities in four patients (29%) and on the trunk in two patients (14%). One patient had an unknown primary tumour location. Ten patients had stage Ia disease at presentation, three had stage Ib disease, and one presented with stage II disease. Primary treatment consisted of wide local excision in nine patients, wide local excision and radiotherapy in four patients and radiotherapy only in one patient. Seven patients had recurrence, five were disease free up to their most recent follow-up, one died of unrelated causes, and one was lost to follow-up after primary treatment. Of the seven patients with recurrence, two had local recurrence, two had lymph node recurrence and three developed metastases. Disease-free intervals were 69% and 50% for six-month and one-year follow-up, respectively. No difference in outcome was observed between stage Ia and Ib disease. The patient with stage II disease at presentation developed metastases. Longer duration of disease before presentation had a higher incidence of recurrence with distant metastases. Extremity lesions had the best prognosis associated with disease-free interval. Early management with excision and radiotherapy improved the disease-free interval.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".