MODELING IMPACTS OF RESIDENTIAL AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND BENEFICIAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICE SCENARIOS ON PHOSPHORUS DYNAMICS IN A SMALL WATERSHED
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<abstract> <bold>Abstract.</bold> Both agricultural land-uses and residential on-site wastewater systems (OWS) have the potential to be non-point sources of phosphorus (P) in rural watersheds. Many agricultural field beneficial management practices (BMPs) have been evaluated using watershed-scale models, however, no studies have compared their efficacy to OWS BMPs in a mixed land-use watershed. The objectives of this research were to use the P on-site wastewater simulator (POWSIM) and, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate different agricultural and residential development and BMP scenarios in the Thomas Brook Watershed in Nova Scotia, Canada and evaluate their impacts on sediment and total P (TP) loads and TP concentrations. The development scenarios evaluated included increasing the residential population, and conversion of hay fields or pastures to corn-based cropping regimes. The agricultural BMPs evaluated were (i) corn and rotational crop replacement with no-tillage agricultural land-uses, and (ii) no-tillage corn. Decreased failure rates, increased water course set-backs, disposal field replacement, and the use of high P sorption filter media were the OWS BMPs evaluated. The agricultural development scenarios increased cumulative sediment and P loads at the watershed outlet, while the residential scenarios increased the frequency of in-stream hyper-eutrophic conditions. Agricultural crop replacement BMPs produced the highest reductions in cumulative sediment (13 to 46%) and TP loads (26 to 34%), but had no observable change on the in-stream trophic status. The OWS BMPs produced small reductions in TP loading (2 to 15%), no sediment load reductions, but had a positive effect on the trophic status. The best ranked combination of agricultural and OWS BMPs resulted in a cumulative TP load reduction of 58%, and the dominant trophic state at the end of the 50 yr period was mesotrophic, as compared to eutrophic for the reference simulation. The results of these modeling scenarios found agricultural BMPs were most effective in reducing cumulative P loads, while OWS BMPs were effective in mitigating in-stream eutrophication impacts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".