Synthesis and characterization of theranostic agents for photoacoustic imaging and therapy.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, phase-change contrast agents were developed for photoacoustic (PA) imaging and therapy. They consist of superheated liquid perfluorocarbon and gold nanoparticles capped by a Poly-(Lactide-co-Glycolic Acid) (PLGA) polymer shell. The phase transition from liquid to gas bubble can be remotely triggered by a laser source. In their liquid state, upon laser irradiation, these agents generated strong PA signals which were proportional to the laser fluence and particle sizes. The vaporization threshold decreased with increasing particle size, and was 850, 670 and 420 mJ/cm2 for 2, 5, 10 μm-sized PLGA particles loaded with 35 nm GNPs, respectively. Cell culture studies, including passive uptake by the cancer cells and mechanical damage to the cancer cells caused by the vaporization inside the cells are also investigated. These agents show potential as photoacoustic imaging contrast and cancer therapy agents for clinical applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".