Exploring growth-inhibitory and immuno-stimulatory activity in British Columbia wild mushrooms and lichens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Four mushroom and two lichen species were collected from selected forests in north-central British Columbia and screened for anti-proliferative and immuno-stimulatory activities. All species investigated were immuno-stimulatory with the strongest activity found in the hot water extracts of Laetiporus sp. and Phaeolepiota aurea. Anti-proliferative activity was primarily seen in the ethanol extracts of L. sp., P. aurea, Letharia vulpina, Vulpicida canadensis, and Hydnellum diabolus. Using Sevag extraction method, DEAE Sephadex anion-exchange and Sephacryl S-500 size-exclusion chromatography, an immuno-stimulatory compound was purified from the hot water extract of P. aurea. The purified compound, made up of carbohydrate and protein, has an average molecular weight of 390 kDa. Its carbohydrate component is rich in β-glucan. The compound can stimulate the innate immune system, causing a pro-inflammatory response. Further studies are required to characterize its carbohydrate and protein components in an effort to determine whether it is a novel immuno-stimulatory compound.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".