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Ozone Depletion

2012· other· en· W4239804758 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Sheldon Ungar

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Globalization · 2012
Typeother
Languageen
FieldEarth and Planetary Sciences
TopicAtmospheric Ozone and Climate
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsOzoneOzone layerStratosphereOzone depletionAtmosphere (unit)Montreal ProtocolAtmospheric sciencesPollutantEnvironmental scienceUltravioletChemistryEnvironmental chemistryPhotochemistryMeteorologyGeologyPhysics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Ozone is an irritating and corrosive gas made up of three oxygen atoms (O 3 ). A small amount of what is often termed “bad ozone” is found near the Earth's surface, where it functions as a dangerous pollutant and is a key component of photochemical smog. Fortunately, most ozone is found in the atmosphere, specifically in a region called the stratosphere that extends between 15 and 35 km above the Earth's surface. This column of “good ozone,” which constitutes the ozone layer, acts as a barrier or shield that absorbs 97–99 percent of the sun's high‐frequency ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Ozone is constantly being made and destroyed in the stratosphere. In an unpolluted atmosphere, this cycle of production and destruction tends toward equilibrium. But chemical analyses undertaken in the late 1960s suggested that various substances emitted by human activities can disrupt the balance and eat away at the ozone column. Clearly, ozone depletion is a worldwide problem which does not respect national boundaries. Scientists believe that a significant decrease in the concentration of ozone in the ozone layer could lead to a number of harmful global effects that include:

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other
Teacher disagreement score0.219
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0350.002

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.007
GPT teacher head0.208
Teacher spread0.200 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreOther

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2012
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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